一例湖羊纤维素性肺炎的病理组织学观察

为探究四川省某养殖场湖羊患病情况,以1只发病湖羊为例,研究观察病羊临床症状、解剖变化,采用H.E.染色方法分析病羊实质器官病理组织学变化,并从病羊中分离出菌株Z-1,采用生理生化、16S rDNA基因测序对其鉴定,采用腹腔注射对菌株Z-1进行动物回感试验,纸片扩散法对菌株Z-1进行药敏分析。结果表明:患病羊病症有高热、剧烈咳嗽并伴有喘气,口鼻周围可见黄色浓稠分泌物;解剖变化为多个实质器官明显肿大、充血,肺脏充血、颜色暗红,切开有血样泡沫状液体流出;病理组织切片可见肺、肝、脾等组织细胞肿胀、充血、出血,肺泡腔和细支气管中有大量粉红色纤维素性渗出物,炎性细胞浸润;菌株Z-1为革兰氏阳性菌,乳糖、七叶苷和山梨醇等生化反应呈阳性反应,木糖醇、甘露糖和蜜二糖等生化反应呈阴性反应;16S rDNA基因目的片段长度为1 428bp,与菌株NR_026471的相似性达到98%,综合鉴定为链球菌;动物回感试验表明该菌株对小鼠具有很强的致病性;药敏试验表明该菌株对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和庆大霉素等敏感,对氨苄西林、青霉素和拉氧头孢等耐药。综上,该病湖羊患链球菌感染的纤维素性肺炎。     

乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较

采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。     

沉淀法制备的紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率测定

采用沉淀法制备紫杉醇白蛋白微粒,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定紫杉醇质量浓度,以二氯甲烷为有机相,采用萃取法分离白蛋白微粒与游离药物,测定其包封率。结果表明:紫杉醇在10~100 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率可达到97.6%~101.0%;有机溶剂萃取法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率的平均回收率,达94.80%~101.67%。这种方法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒回收率准确可靠,适用于沉淀法制备的白蛋白微粒的包封率测定。     

A simplified roller bottle platform for the production of a new generation VLPs rabies vaccine for veterinary applications

Rabies is a neglected disease with an estimated annual mortality of 55,000 human deaths, affecting mainly low-income countries. Over 95% of these cases result from virus transmission through the bite of infected dogs and for this reason there is a real need for a cheap and effective rabies veterinary vaccine to be used in mass vaccination campaigns. In this work, we describe the establishment of a simple platform for the production of a virus-like particles based rabies vaccine using mammalian cells and roller bottles as culture system. Adherent cells were cultured during more than 15 days and VLPs were continuously produced and secreted to the culture supernatant. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VLPs were tested through rabies virus neutralizing antibody test and NIH potency test. These viral particles induced high titer of long lasting neutralizing antibodies and protected mice against active virus challenge. Therefore, this development represents a promising platform for the production of a new generation and virus-free rabies vaccine candidate for veterinary applications.     

基于最新诊疗方案中抗新型冠状病毒药物的回顾分析与药学监护

2019年12月以来,湖北武汉爆发由新型冠状病毒引发的病毒性肺炎疫情并迅速蔓延,现已确认该新型病毒为SARS-CoV-2.由于目前针对该病毒尚无确切有效的抗病毒药物,给我国公共卫生事业带来了严峻的考验.随着疫情的发展,国家卫生健康委员会下发了最新的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗的方案(试行第七版)》.该文从临床药学角度对最新诊疗方案中所涉及的抗病毒药物进行回顾分析,提出药学监护的重点,并对潜在有效的药物进行展望,以期为抗击新型冠状病毒疫情提供药物使用参考.     

A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.